Global political history

Global political history from 3000 BC to the 21st century – political leaders, elections, and more.

Diplomatic Relations of the United States

Argentina

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Argentine Republic
Caesar Augustus Rodney

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 4 1772; d. June 10 1824.

1823 – 1824


Belgium

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Belgium
William Phillips

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 30 1878; d. February 23 1968

1924 – 1927


Brazil

Chargé d’Affaires of the United States of America to the Empire of Brazil
Ethan Allen Brown

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 4 1776; d. February 24 1852.

1831 – 1834


Canada

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Canada
William Phillips

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 30 1878; d. February 23 1968

1927 – 1929

David Horton Wilkins

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 12 1946.

2005 – 2009

David Cary Jacobson

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 9 1951.

2009 – 2013

Kelly Dawn Craft

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 24 1962.

2017 – 2019


Chile

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Chile
Michael A. “Mike” Hammer

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 26 1963.

2014 – 2016


China

Envoy of the United States of America to the Great Qing Empire
Caleb Cushing

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 17 1800; d. January 2 1879.

1844

Commissioner of the United States of America to the Great Qing Empire
Alexander Hill Everett

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 19 1792; d. June 28 1847.

1845 – 1847

Chief of the US Liaison Office to the People’s Republic of China
George Herbert Walker Bush

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 12 1924; d. November 30 2018.

1974 – 1975


Colombia

Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Gran Colombia
William Henry Harrison

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 9 1773; d. April 4 1841.

1829


Czech Republic

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Czech Republic
John Howard Francis Shattuck

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 22 1943.

1998 – 2000


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Michael A. “Mike” Hammer

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 26 1963.

2018 – 2022


Denmark

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Denmark
Henry Wheaton

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 27 1785; d. March 11 1848.

1827 – 1835


France

Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States of America at the Court of Versailles
Silas Deane

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 4 1738; d. September 23 1789.

1776 – 1778

John Adams

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 20 1735; d. July 4 1826.

1778 – 1779

Benjamin Franklin

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 17 1706; d. April 17 1790.

1779 – 1785

Thomas Jefferson

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 13 1743; d. July 4 1826.

1785 – 1789

William Short

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 30 1759; d. December 5 1849.

1790 – 1792

Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States of America to the French Republic
Gouverneur Morris

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 31 1752; d. November 6 1816.

1792 – 1794

James Monroe

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 28 1758; d. July 4 1831.

1794 – 1796

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 25 1746; d. August 16 1825.

1796 – 1797

Robert Robert Livingston

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 27 1746; d. February 26 1813.

1801 – 1804

Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States of America to the French Empire
John Armstrong, Jr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 25 1758; d. April 1 1843.

1804 – 1810

Joel Barlow

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 24 1754; d. December 26 1812.

1811 – 1812

William Harris Crawford

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 24 1772; d. September 15 1834.

1813 – 1815

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of France
Abraham Alfonse Albert Gallatin

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 29 1761; d. August 12 1849.

1816 – 1823

James Brown

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 11 1766; d. April 7 1835.

1824 – 1829

William Cabell Rives

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 4 1793; d. April 25 1868.

1829 – 1833

Edward Livingston

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 28 1764; d. May 23 1836.

1833 – 1835

Lewis Cass

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 9 1782; d. June 17 1866.

1836 – 1842

Richard Rush

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 29 1780; d. July 30 1859.

1847 – 1849

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the French Republic
William Cabell Rives

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 4 1793; d. April 25 1868.

1849 – 1853

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the French Republic
William Christian Bullitt, Jr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 25 1891; d. February 15 1967

1936 – 1940


Germany

Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Prussia
John Quincy Adams

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 11 1767; d. February 23 1848.

1797 – 1801

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Prussia
Henry Wheaton (*Chargé d’Affaires)

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 27 1785; d. March 11 1848.

1835 – 1837

Henry Wheaton

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 27 1785; d. March 11 1848.

1837 – 1846

Andrew Jackson Donelson

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 25 1799; d. June 26 1871.

1846 – 1849

George Bancroft

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 3 1800; d. January 17 1891.

1867 – 1870

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the German Reich
George Bancroft

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 3 1800; d. January 17 1891.

1870 – 1874

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Federal Republic of Germany
John Christian Kornblum

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 6 1943; d. December 21 2023.

1997 – 2001


Greece

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Greece
Henry Joseph Tasca

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 23 1912; d. August 22 1979.

1969 – 1974


Guatemala

Chargé d’Affaires of the United States of America to the Republic of Guatemala
John Williams

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 29 1778; d. August 10 1837.

1826


India

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of India
John Kenneth Galbraith

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 15 1908; d. April 29 2006.

1961 – 1963

Daniel Patrick Moynihan

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 16 1927; d. March 26 2003.

1973 – 1975


Israel

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the State of Israel
Thomas Richard Nides

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 25 1961.

2021 – 2023

Jacob Joseph “Jack” Lew

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 29 1955.

2023 – 2025


Italy

Chargé d’Affaires of the United States of America to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Enos Thompson Throop

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 21 1784; d. November 1 1874.

1838 – 1841


Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Italy
William Phillips

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 30 1878; d. February 23 1968

1936 – 1941

Clare Booth Luce

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 10 1903; d. October 9 1987.

1953 – 1956

John Anthony Volpe

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 8 1908; d. November 11 1994.

1973 – 1977

Richard Newton Gardner

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 9 1927; d. February 16 2019.

1977 – 1981


Japan

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Japan
Walter Frederick “Fritz” Mondale

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 5 1928; d. April 19 2021.

1993 – 1996

Rahm Israel Emanuel

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 29 1959.

2022 – 2025


Jordan

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
William Joseph Burns

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 11 1956.

1998 – 2001


Luxembourg

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
William Phillips

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 30 1878; d. February 23 1968

1920 – 1922


Mexico

Envoy Extraordinary of the United States of America to the United Mexican States
James Wilkinson

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 24 1757; d. December 28 1825.

1816 – 1825

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the United Mexican States
Joel Roberts Poinsett

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 2 1779; d. December 12 1851.

1825 – 1829

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the United States of Mexico
Kenneth Lee “Ken” Salazar

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 2 1955.

2021 – 2025


Morocco

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Morocco
Henry Joseph Tasca

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 23 1912; d. August 22 1979.

1965 – 1969


The Netherlands

Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the United Provinces of the Netherlands
John Adams

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 20 1735; d. July 4 1826.

1782 – 1788

William Short

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 30 1759; d. December 5 1849.

1792

John Quincy Adams

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 11 1767; d. February 23 1848.

1794 – 1797

William Vans Murray

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 9 1760; d. December 11 1803.

1797 – 1801

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of the Netherlands
William Eustis

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 26 1757; d. October 29 1824.

1815 – 1818

Alexander Hill Everett

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 19 1792; d. June 28 1847.

1819 – 1824

Christopher Hughes

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 11 1786; d. September 18 1849.

1826 – 1830

Christopher Hughes

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 11 1786; d. September 18 1849.

1842 – 1845

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of the Netherlands
William Phillips

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 30 1878; d. February 23 1968

1920 – 1922

Fay Hartog-Levin

Date of birth/date of death: b. 1948.

2009 – 2011


Portugal

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Portugal
Henry Dearborn

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 23 1751; d. June 6 1829.

1822 – 1824

John Louis O’Sullivan

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 15 1813; d. March 24 1895.

1854 – 1858


Russia

Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Russian Empire
Francis Dana

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 13 1743; d. April 25 1811.

1780 – 1783

John Quincy Adams

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 11 1767; d. February 23 1848.

1809 – 1814

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Russian Empire
William Pinkney

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 17 1764; d. February 25 1822.

1817 – 1818

George Washington Campbell

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 9 1769; d. February 17 1848.

1819 – 1820

John Randolph

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 2 1773; d. May 24 1833.

1830

James Buchanan, Jr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 23 1791; d. June 1 1868.

1832 – 1833

William Wilkins

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 20 1779; d. June 23 1865.

1834 – 1835

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
William Christian Bullitt, Jr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 25 1891; d. February 15 1967

1933 – 1936

Lieutenant General Walter Bedell “Beetle” Smith

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 5 1895; d. August 9 1961

Military ranks: Promoted to Brigadier General, 1942. Promoted to Major General, 1942. Promoted to Lieutenant General, 1944. Promoted to General, 1951.

1946 – 1948

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Russian Federation
William Joseph Burns

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 11 1956.

2005 – 2008


Saudi Arabia

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Joseph William Westphal

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 26 1948.

2014 – 2017


Spain

Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Spain
John Jay

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 23 1745; d. May 17 1829.

1779 – 1782

William Short

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 30 1759; d. December 5 1849.

1794 – 1795

Charles Pinckney, Jr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 26 1757; d. October 29 1824.

1801 – 1804

George William Erving (*Chargé d’Affaires)

Date of birth/date of death: b. 1769; d. July 22 1850.

1804 – 1809

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Spain
George William Erving

Date of birth/date of death: b. 1769; d. July 22 1850.

1814 – 1819

John Forsyth, Sr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 22 1780; d. October 21 1841.

1819 – 1823

Alexander Hill Everett

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 19 1792; d. June 28 1847.

1825 – 1829

John Henry Eaton

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 18 1790; d. November 17 1856.

1836 – 1840

Aaron Vail (*Chargé d’Affaires)

Date of birth/date of death: b. 1796; d. 1878.

1840 – 1842

John Parker Hale

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 31 1806; d. November 19 1873.

1865 – 1869

Caleb Cushing

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 17 1800; d. January 2 1879.

1874 – 1877

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Spain
Richard Newton Gardner

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 9 1927; d. February 16 2019.

1993 – 1997


Sweden

Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Sweden
Benjamin Franklin

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 17 1706; d. April 17 1790.

1782 – 1783

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
Jonathan Russell

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 27 1771; d. February 17 1832.

1814 – 1818

Christopher Hughes

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 11 1786; d. September 18 1849.

1818 – 1825

Christopher Hughes

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 11 1786; d. September 18 1849.

1830 – 1842


Texas

Chargé d’Affaires of the United States of America to the Republic of Texas
Alcée Louis la Branche

Date of birth/date of death: b. 1806; d. August 17 1861.

1837 – 1840

Andrew Jackson Donelson

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 25 1799; d. June 26 1871.

1844 – 1845


Turkey

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Ottoman Empire
George William Erving (*Chargé d’Affaires)

Date of birth/date of death: b. 1769; d. July 22 1850.

bef. 1831


United Kingdom

Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Great Britain
John Adams

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 20 1735; d. July 4 1826.

1785 – 1788

Thomas Pinckney

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 23 1750; d. November 2 1828.

1792 – 1796

Rufus King

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 24 1755; d. April 29 1827.

1796 – 1800

Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Rufus King

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 24 1755; d. April 29 1827.

1801 – 1803

James Monroe

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 28 1758; d. July 4 1831.

1803 – 1807

William Pinkney

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 17 1764; d. February 25 1822.

1808 – 1811

Jonathan Russell (*Chargé d’Affaires)

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 27 1771; d. February 17 1832.

1811 – 1812

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
John Quincy Adams

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 11 1767; d. February 23 1848.

1815 – 1817

Richard Rush

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 29 1780; d. July 30 1859.

1818 – 1825

Rufus King

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 24 1755; d. April 29 1827.

1825 – 1826

Abraham Alfonse Albert Gallatin

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 29 1761; d. August 12 1849.

1826 – 1827

James C. Barbour

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 10 1775; d. June 7 1842.

1828 – 1829

Louis McLane

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 28 1786; d. October 7 1857.

1829 – 1831

Martin Van Buren

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 5 1782; d. July 24 1862.

1831 – 1832

Aaron Vail (*Chargé d’Affaires)

Date of birth/date of death: b. 1796; d. 1878.

1832 – 1836

Andrew Stevenson

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 21 1784; d. January 25 1857.

1836 – 1841

Edward Everett

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 11 1794; d. January 15 1865.

1841 – 1845

Louis McLane

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 28 1786; d. October 7 1857.

1845 – 1846

George Bancroft

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 3 1800; d. January 17 1891.

1846 – 1849

James Buchanan, Jr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 23 1791; d. June 1 1868.

1853 – 1856

Charles Francis Adams, Sr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 18 1807; d. November 21 1886.

1861 – 1868

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Court of St. James’s
Thomas Francis Bayard

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 29 1828; d. September 28 1898.

1893 – 1897

Joseph Patrick Kennedy, Sr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 6 1888; d. November 18 1969.

1938 – 1940


United Nations

Permanent Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations
George Herbert Walker Bush

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 12 1924; d. November 30 2018.

1971 – 1973

Daniel Patrick Moynihan

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 16 1927; d. March 26 2003.

1975 – 1976

Nimarata Nikki Randhawa Haley

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 20 1972.

2017 – 2018

Kelly Dawn Craft

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 24 1962.

2019 – 2021


Vietnam

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Douglas Brian “Pete” Peterson

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 26 1935.

1997 – 2001