Global political history

Global political history from 3000 BC to the 21st century – political leaders, elections, and more.

Past Constituencies (C)

Calne | Camberwell and Peckham | Cambridge University | Cambridgeshire | Cardiff | Cardiff South | Cardiff South East | Carshalton | Cashel | Chatham | Chelsea | Chingford | Cirencester and Tewkesbury | City of Chester | City of London | Clay Cross | Cleveland and Whitby | Clitheroe | Combined Scottish Universities | Cork City | County Louth | Coventry | Croydon.


Calne

Member of Parliament for Calne
Thomas Fitzmaurice

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 1742; d. October 28 1793.

Non-Partisan

1762 – 1774

John Dunning

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 18 1731; d. August 18 1783.

Whig Party

1768 – 1782

Isaac Barré

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 15 1726; d. July 20 1802.

Whig Party

1774 – 1790

Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, Lord Henry Petty

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 2 1780; d. January 31 1863.

Whig Party

1802 – 1806

Thomas Babington Macaulay

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 25 1800; d. December 28 1859.

Whig Party

1830 – 1832

Charles Richard Fox

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 6 1796; d. April 13 1873.

Whig Party

1831 – 1832

Henry Thomas Petty-Fitzmaurice, 1st Earl of Shelburne

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 7 1816; d. July 5 1866

Noble titles: Earl of Shelburne in the Peerage of Ireland (1836 – 1866); Baron Wycombe in the Peerage of Great Britain (1856 – 1866); Marquess of Lansdowne in the Peerage of Great Britain (1863 – 1866)

Whig Party

1837 – 1856

Robert Lowe

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 4 1811; d. July 27 1892.

Liberal Party

1859 – 1868


Camberwell and Peckham

Member of Parliament for Camberwell and Peckham
Harriet Ruth Harman

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 30 1950.

Titles:

Received a life peerage as Baroness Harman, of Peckham in the London Borough of Southwark, August 19 2024.2

References:

[1] UK Parliament. “Parliamentary career for Harriet Harman.” Accessed April 9, 2026. https://members.parliament.uk/member/150/career.

[2] “No. 64496,” The London Gazette, August 22, 2024, 16342, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/64496/page/16342.

Labour Party

May 1 1997 – May 30 2024


Cambridge University

Member of Parliament for Cambridge University
Isaac Newton

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 4 1643; d. March 31 1727.

Non-Partisan

1689 – 1690

Isaac Newton

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 4 1643; d. March 31 1727.

Non-Partisan

1701 – 1702

Edward Finch-Hatton

Date of birth/date of death: b. c. 1697; d. May 16 1771.

Whig Party

1727 – 1768

Charles Yorke

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 30 1722; d. January 20 1770.

Non-Partisan

1768 – 1770

Charles Manners, Marquess of Granby

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 15 1754; d. October 24 1787.

Non-Partisan

1774 – 1779

James Mansfield

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 10 1734; d. November 23 1821.

Non-Partisan

1779 – 1784

Lord John Townshend

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 19 1757; d. February 23 1833.

Whig Party

1780 – 1784

George Henry FitzRoy, Earl of Euston

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 14 1760; d. September 28 1844.

Whig Party

1784 – 1811

William Pitt the Younger

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 28 1759; d. January 23 1806.

Titles of nobility: Earl Grey in the Peerage of the United Kingdom (1807 – 1845)

Tory Party

1784 – 1806

Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, Lord Henry Petty

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 2 1780; d. January 31 1863.

Whig Party

1806 – 1807

Sir Vicary Gibbs

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 27 1751; d. February 8 1820.

Tory Party

1807 – 1812

Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 20 1784; d. October 18 1865.

Titles:

Succeeded as the 3rd Viscount Palmerston in the Peerage of the Ireland, April 17 1802. (citation needed)

Honours:

Created a Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, July 12 1856.2

References:

[1] UK Parliament, “Viscount Palmerston,” Historic Hansard 1803–2005, accessed April 24 2026, https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/viscount-palmerston/index.html.

[2] “No. 21901,” The London Gazette, July 15 1856, 2451, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/21901/page/2451.

Whig Party

1811 – 1831

John Henry Smyth

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 20 1780; d. October 20 1822.

Whig Party

1812 – 1822

William John Bankes

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 11 1786; d. April 15 1855.

Tory Party

1822 – 1826

William Yates Peel

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 3 1789; d. June 1 1858.

Tory Party

1831 – 1832

Sir John Copley

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 21 1772; d. October 12 1863.

Tory Party

1826 – 1827

Sir Nicholas Conyngham Tindal

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 12 1776; d. July 6 1846.

Tory Party

1827 – 1829

William Cavendish

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 27 1808; d. December 21 1891

Titles of nobility: Earl of Burlington in the Peerage of the United Kingdom (1834 – 1891); Duke of Devonshire in the Peerage of England (1858 – 1891)

Whig Party

1829 – 1831

Henry Goulburn

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 19 1784; d. January 12 1856.

Tory Party (1831 – 1834); Conservative Party (1834 – 1846); Peelite Conservative (1846 – 1856)

1831 – 1856

Spencer Horatio Walpole

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 11 1806; d. May 22 1898.

Conservative Party

1856 – 1882

Sir Alexander James Beresford Beresford Hope

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 25 1820; d. October 20 1887.

Conservative Party

1868 – 1887

Sir John Eldon Gorst

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 24 1835; d. April 4 1916.

Conservative Party

1892 – 1906


Cambridgeshire

Member of Parliament for Cambridgeshire
Philip Yorke, Viscount Royston

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 9 1720; d. May 16 1790.

Whig Party

1747 – 1764

Lieutenant-General John Manners, Marquess of Granby

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 2 1721; d. October 18 1770.

Non-Partisan

1754 – 1770

Sir Sampson Gideon, 1st Baronet

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 10 1744; d. December 25 1824.

Tory Party

1770 – 1780

Philip Yorke, Viscount Royston

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 31 1757; d. November 18 1834.

Tory Party

1780 – 1790

Charles Philip Yorke

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 12 1764; d. March 13 1834.

Tory Party

1790 – 1810

Sir Henry Bouverie William Brand

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 24 1814; d. March 14 1892

Noble titles: Viscount Hampden in the Peerage of the United Kingdom (1884 – 1892); Baron Dacre in the Peerage of England (1890 – 1892).

Liberal Party

1868 – 1884


Cardiff

Member of Parliament for Cardiff
Wyndham Lewis

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 7 1780; d. March 14 1838.

Tory Party

1820 – 1826

Ivor Churchill Guest

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 16 1873; d. June 14 1939

Noble titles: Baron Ashby St Ledgers (1910 – 1939); Baron Wimborne (1914 – 1939); Viscount Wimborne (1918 – 1939)

Liberal Party

1906 – 1910


Cardiff South

Member of Parliament for Cardiff South
Leonard James Callaghan

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 27 1912; d. March 26 2005.

Honours:

Created Baron Callaghan of Cardiff, November 5 1987.2

References:

[1] UK Parliament. “Parliamentary career for Lord Callaghan of Cardiff.” Accessed April 20, 2026. https://members.parliament.uk/member/3326/career.

[2] “No. 51118,” The London Gazette, November 12 1987, 13941, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/51118/page/13941.

Labour Party

July 5 1945 – February 23 1950


Cardiff South East

Member of Parliament for Cardiff South East
Leonard James Callaghan

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 27 1912; d. March 26 2005.

Honours:

Created Baron Callaghan of Cardiff, November 5 1987.2

References:

[1] UK Parliament. “Parliamentary career for Lord Callaghan of Cardiff.” Accessed April 20, 2026. https://members.parliament.uk/member/3326/career.

[2] “No. 51118,” The London Gazette, November 12 1987, 13941, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/51118/page/13941.

Labour Party

February 23 1950 – June 9 1983


Carshalton

Member of Parliament for Carshalton
Leonard Robert Carr

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 11 1916; d. February 17 2012.

Titles:

Received a life peerage as Baron Carr of Hadley, of Monken Hadley of Greater London, January 15 1976.2

References:

[1] UK Parliament. “Parliamentary career for Lord Carr of Hadley.” Accessed May 4, 2026. https://members.parliament.uk/member/1621/career.

[2] “No. 46803,” The London Gazette, January 20 1976, 919, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/46803/page/919.

Conservative Party

February 28 1974 – March 4 1974

Francis Nigel Forman

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 25 1943; d. May 11 2017.

Conservative Party

1976 – 1983


Cashel

Member of Parliament for Cashel
William Wickham

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 11 1761; d. October 22 1840.

Whig Party

1802 – 1806

Archibald John Primrose, Viscount Primrose

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 14 1783; d. March 4 1868.

Whig Party

1806 – 1807

Quintin Dick

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 7 1777; d. March 26 1858.

Tory Party

1807 – 1809

Robert Peel

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 5 1788; d. July 2 1850.

Titles:

Succeeded to the Peel baronetcy of Drayton Manor and Bury, May 3 1830.

References:

[1] UK Parliament, “Sir Robert Peel,” Historic Hansard 1803–2005, accessed April 24 2026, https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/sir-robert-peel-1/index.html.

Tory Party

1809 – 1812


Chatham

Member of Parliament for Chatham
George Stevens Byng

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 8 1806; d. October 29 1886

Titles of nobility: Baron Strafford in the Peerage of the United Kingdom (1853 – 1874); Earl of Strafford in the Peerage of the United Kingdom (1860 – 1886).

Whig Party

1834 – 1835

George Stevens Byng, Viscount Enfield

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 8 1806; d. October 29 1886

Titles of nobility: Baron Strafford in the Peerage of the United Kingdom (1853 – 1874); Earl of Strafford in the Peerage of the United Kingdom (1860 – 1886).

Whig Party

1837 – 1852

Sir John Eldon Gorst

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 24 1835; d. April 4 1916.

Conservative Party

1875 – 1892


Chelsea

Member of Parliament for Chelsea
Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke, 2nd Baronet

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 4 1843; d. January 26 1911.

Liberal Party

1868 – 1886

William Philip Sidney

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 23 1909; d. April 5 1991.

Conservative Party

1944 – 1945


Chingford

Member of Parliament for Chingford
George Iain Duncan Smith

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 9 1954.

Honours:

Appointed Knight Bachelor in the 2020 New Year Honours.2

References:

[1] UK Parliament. “Parliamentary career for Sir Iain Duncan Smith.” Accessed April 9, 2026. https://members.parliament.uk/member/152/career.

[2] “No. 62866,” The London Gazette, Supplement, December 28 2019, N2, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62866/supplement/N2.

Conservative Party

April 9 1992 – May 1 1997


Cirencester and Tewkesbury

Member of Parliament for Cirencester and Tewkesbury
William Shepherd Morrison

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 10 1893; d. February 3 1961.

Conservative Party

1929 – 1959


City of Chester

Member of Parliament for City of Chester
General Thomas Grosvenor

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 30 1764; d. January 20 1851.

Whig Party

1795 – 1826

Hugh Lupus Grosvenor, Earl Grosvenor

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 13 1825; d. December 22 1899

Titles of nobility: Marquess of Westminster in the Peerage of the United Kingdom (1869 – 1899); Duke of Westminster (1874 – 1899)

Whig Party (1847 – 1859); Liberal Party (1859 – 1869)

1847 – 1869

William Henry Gladstone

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 3 1840; d. July 4 1891.

Liberal Party

1865 – 1868

Norman de l’Aigle Grosvenor

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 22 1845; d. November 21 1898

Liberal Party

1869 – 1874


City of London

Member of Parliament for City of London
Sir William Beckford

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 1709; d. June 21 1770.

Whig Party

1754 – 1770

Sir Matthew Wood, 1st Baronet

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 2 1768; d. September 25 1843.

Whig Party

1817 – 1843

George Grote

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 17 1794; d. June 18 1871.

Radicals

1832 – 1841

George Lyall

Date of birth/date of death: b. 1779; d. September 1 1853.

Tory Party (1833 – 1834); Conservative Party (1834 – 1835)

1833 – 1835

James Pattison

Date of birth/date of death: b. 1786; d. July 14 1849.

Whig Party

1835 – 1841

George Lyall

Date of birth/date of death: b. 1779; d. September 1 1853.

Conservative Party

1841 – 1847

John Masterman

Date of birth/date of death: b. 1781; d. January 23 1862.

Conservative Party

1841 – 1857

Lord John Russell

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 18 1792; d. May 28 1878.

Titles:

Known by the courtesy title Lord John Russell from birth until July 27 1861. Raised to the Peerage of the United Kingdom as Earl Russell and Viscount Amberley, July 27 1861.1

Honours:

Created a Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, May 21 1862.2

References:

[1] UK Parliament, “Lord John Russell,” Historic Hansard 1803–2005, accessed April 24 2026, https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/lord-john-russell/index.html.

[2] “No. 22534,” The London Gazette, July 30 1861, 3193, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/22534/page/3193.

Whig Party (1841 – 1859); Liberal Party (1859 – 1861)

June 29 1841 – July 27 1861

James Pattison

Date of birth/date of death: b. 1786; d. July 14 1849.

Whig Party

1843 – 1849

Baron Lionel Nathan de Rothschild

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 22 1808; d. June 3 1879

Note: The title of baron was a noble title from the Austrian Empire (Freiherr) that he was permitted to use by Queen Victoria. Source: https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/19628/page/1413.

Whig Party (1847 – 1859); Liberal Party (1859 – 1868)

1847 – 1868

Sir James Duke, 1st Baronet

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 31 1792; d. May 28 1873.

Whig Party (1849 – 1859); Liberal Party (1859 – 1865)

1849 – 1865

Robert Wigram Crawford

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 18 1813; d. July 30 1889.

Whig Party (1857 – 1859); Liberal Party (1859 – 1874)

1857 – 1874

Western Wood

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 4 1804; d. May 17 1863.

Liberal Party

1861 – 1863

George Joachim Goschen

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 10 1831; d. February 7 1907.

Liberal Party

1863 – 1880

Baron Lionel Nathan de Rothschild

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 22 1808; d. June 3 1879

Note: The title of baron was a noble title from the Austrian Empire (Freiherr) that he was permitted to use by Queen Victoria. Source: https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/19628/page/1413.

Liberal Party

1869 – 1874

Alban George Henry Gibbs

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 23 1846; d. May 9 1936.

Conservative Party

1892 – 1906

Sir Edward George Clarke

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 15 1841; d. April 26 1931.

Conservative Party

1906

Sir Arthur James Balfour

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 25 1848; d. March 19 1930.

Honours:

Created a Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, March 3 1922.2 Raised to the Peerage of the United Kingdom as Earl of Balfour and Viscount Traprain, May 5 1922.2

References:

[1] UK Parliament, “Arthur Balfour,” Historic Hansard 1803–2005, accessed April 22 2026, https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-arthur-balfour/index.html.

[2] “No. 32638,” The London Gazette, March 14 1922, 2137, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32638/page/2137.

[3] “No. 32691,” The London Gazette, May 5 1922, 3512, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32691/page/3512.

Conservative Party

February 8 1906 – May 5 1922

Sir Frederick George Banbury, 1st Baronet

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 2 1850; d. August 13 1936.

Conservative Party

1906 – 1924

Edward Charles Grenfell

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 29 1870; d. November 26 1941.

Titles of nobility: Earl of Balfour in the Peerage of the United Kingdom (1922 – 1930)

Conservative Party

1922 – 1935


Clay Cross

Member of Parliament for Clay Cross
Arthur Henderson

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 13 1863; d. October 20 1935.

References:

[1] UK Parliament, “Arthur Henderson,” Historic Hansard 1803–2005, accessed April 21 2026, https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-arthur-henderson/index.html.

Labour Party

September 1 1933 – October 20 1935


Cleveland and Whitby

Member of Parliament for Cleveland and Whitby
Leon Brittan

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 25 1939; d. January 21 2015.

Conservative Party

1974 – 1983


Clitheroe

Member of Parliament for Clitheroe
Sir John Aubrey, 6th Baronet

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 4 1739; d. March 14 1826.

Tory Party

1790 – 1796

Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 18 1769; d. August 12 1822.

Tory Party

1812

Edward Bootle-Wilbraham

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 7 1771; d. April 3 1853

Titles of nobility: Baron Skelmersdale in the Peerage of the United Kingdom (1828 – 1853)

Note: He changed his last name from Wilbraham-Bootle to Bootle-Wilbraham in 1814.

Tory Party

1812 – 1818

Edward Cardwell

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 24 1813; d. February 15 1886.

Conservative Party

1842 – 1847


Combined Scottish Universities

Member of Parliament for Combined Scottish Universities
John Buchan

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 26 1875; d. February 11 1940

Titles of nobility: Baron Tweedsmuir in the Peerage of the United Kingdom (1935 – 1940).

Unionist Party

1927 – 1935

James Ramsay MacDonald

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 12 1866; d. November 9 1937.

References:

[1] UK Parliament, “Ramsay MacDonald,” Historic Hansard 1803–2005, accessed April 21 2026, https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-ramsay-macdonald/index.html.

National Labour Party

January 31 1936 – November 9 1937


Cork City

Member of Parliament for Cork City
General James Charles Chatterton

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 10 1794; d. January 5 1874.

Conservative Party

1835

General James Charles Chatterton

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 10 1794; d. January 5 1874.

Conservative Party

1849 – 1852

Charles Stewart Parnell

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 27 1846; d. October 6 1891.

Home Rule League (1880 – 1882); Irish Parliamentary Party (1882 – 1891)

1880 – 1891

William O’Brien

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 2 1852; d. February 25 1928.

Irish National Federation

1892 – 1895

William O’Brien

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 2 1852; d. February 25 1928.

Irish Parliamentary Party

1900 – 1904

William O’Brien

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 2 1852; d. February 25 1928.

Irish Parliamentary Party

1904 – 1909

William O’Brien

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 2 1852; d. February 25 1928.

All-for-Ireland League

1910 – 1918


County Louth

Member of Parliament for County Louth
Robert Jocelyn, Viscount Jocelyn

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 27 1788; d. March 20 1870.

Tory Party

1806 – 1807

Robert Jocelyn, Viscount Jocelyn

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 27 1788; d. March 20 1870.

Tory Party

1810 – 1820

Chichester Samuel Parkinson-Fortescue

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 18 1823; d. January 30 1898.

Whig Party (1847 – 1859); Liberal Party (1859 – 1874)

1847 – 1874


Coventry

Member of Parliament for Coventry
George FitzRoy, Earl of Euston

Date of birth/date of death: b. 1715; d. 1747.

Non-Partisan

1737 – 1747

John Baker Holroyd

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 21 1735; d. May 30 1821.

Tory Party

1780

John Baker Holroyd, 1st Baron Sheffield

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 21 1735; d. May 30 1821.

Tory Party

1781 – 1784

Sampson Eardley, 1st Baron Eardley

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 10 1744; d. December 25 1824.

Tory Party

1784 – 1796

William Henry Lytton Earle Bulwer

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 13 1801; d. May 23 1872.

Whig Party

1831 – 1835


Croydon

Member of Parliament for Croydon
Charles Thomson Ritchie

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 19 1838; d. January 9 1906.

Conservative Party

1895 – 1905

Ian Zachary Malcolm

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 3 1868; d. December 28 1944.

Conservative Party

1910 – 1918