Global political history

Global political history from 3000 BC to the 21st century – political leaders, elections, and more.

Cabinet of the United States

Cabinet offices in the United States.

Navigation: United States Department of Commerce | United States Department of Defense | United States Department of Energy | United States Department of Health and Human Services | United States Department of Homeland Security | United States Department of Housing and Urban Development | United States Department of the Interior | United States Department of Justice | United States Department of State | United States Department of Transportation | United States Department of the Treasury.




United States Department of Agriculture

United States Secretary of Agriculture
Edward Thomas “Ed” Schafer

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 8 1946.

2008 – 2009




United States Department of Commerce

United States Secretary of Commerce
Norman Yoshio Mineta

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 12 1931; d. May 3 2022.

2000 – 2001




United States Department of Defense

United States Secretary of Defense
Richard Bruce “Dick” Cheney

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 30 1941.

1989 – 1993

William Sebastian Cohen

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 28 1940.

1997 – 2001


United States Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence
James Robert Clapper, Jr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 14 1941.

2007 – 2010


United States Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness
Bradley Rogers “Brad” Carson*

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 11 1967.

2015 – 2016


United States Department of the Army

United States Secretary at War
Benjamin Lincoln

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 24 1733; d. May 9 1810.

1781 – 1783

Continental States Secretary at War
Henry Knox

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 25 1750; d. October 25 1806.

1785 – 1789

United States Secretary of War
Henry Knox

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 25 1750; d. October 25 1806.

1789 – 1794

Timothy Pickering

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 17 1745; d. January 29 1829.

1795

James McHenry

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 16 1753; d. May 3 1816.

1796 – 1800

Samuel Dexter

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 14 1761; d. May 4 1816.

1800 – 1801

Henry Dearborn

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 23 1751; d. June 6 1829.

1801 – 1809

William Eustis

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 26 1757; d. October 29 1824.

1809 – 1813

John Armstrong, Jr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 25 1758; d. April 1 1843.

1813 – 1814

James Monroe

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 28 1758; d. July 4 1831.

1814 – 1815

Alexander James Dallas (*acting)

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 21 1759; d. January 16 1817.

1815

William Harris Crawford

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 24 1772; d. September 15 1834.

1815 – 1816

George Graham (*acting)

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 16 1770; d. August 9 1830.

1816 – 1817

John Caldwell Calhoun

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 18 1782; d. March 31 1850.

1817 – 1825

James C. Barbour

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 10 1775; d. June 7 1842.

1825 – 1828

Peter Buell Porter

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 14 1773; d. March 20 1844.

1828 – 1829

John Henry Eaton

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 18 1790; d. November 17 1856.

1829 – 1831

Roger Brooke Taney (*acting)

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 17 1777; d. October 12 1864.

1831

Lewis Cass

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 9 1782; d. June 17 1866.

1831 – 1836

Joel Roberts Poinsett

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 2 1779; d. December 12 1851.

1837 – 1841

John Bell

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 18 1796; d. September 10 1869.

1841

William Wilkins

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 20 1779; d. June 23 1865.

1844 – 1845

William Learned Marcy

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 12 1786; d. July 4 1857.

1845 – 1849

John Buchanan Floyd

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 1 1806; d. August 26 1863.

1857 – 1860

General of the Army Ulysses S. Grant*

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 27 1822; d. July 23 1885

Military ranks: Promoted to Brigadier General, 1861. Promoted to Major General, 1863. Promoted to Lieutenant General, 1864. Promoted to General of the Army, 1866. Retired from the military, 1869.

1867 – 1868

Elihu Root

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 15 1845; d. February 7 1937.

1899 – 1904

William Howard Taft

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 15 1857; d. March 8 1930

1904 – 1908

United States Secretary of the Army
Joseph William Westphal*

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 26 1948.

2001


United States Under Secretary of the Army
Joseph William Westphal

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 26 1948.

2009 – 2014

Bradley Rogers “Brad” Carson

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 11 1967.

2014 – 2015


Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works
Joseph William Westphal

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 26 1948.

1998 – 2001


United States Department of the Navy

United States Agent of Marine
Robert Morris, Jr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 20 1734; d. May 8 1806.

1781 – 1784

United States Secretary of the Navy
Benjamin Stoddert

Date of birth/date of death: b. 1751; d. December 18 1813.

1798 – 1801

Robert Smith

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 3 1757; d. November 26 1842.

1801 – 1809

Paul Hamilton

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 16 1762; d. June 30 1816.

1809 – 1813

William Jones

Date of birth/date of death: b. 1760; d. September 6 1831.

1813 – 1814

Benjamin Williams Crowninshield

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 27 1772; d. February 3 1851.

1815 – 1818

Smith Thompson

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 17 1768; d. December 18 1843.

1819 – 1823

Samuel Lewis Southard

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 9 1787; d. June 26 1842.

1823 – 1829

John Branch, Jr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 4 1782; d. January 4 1863.

1829 – 1831

Levi Woodbury

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 22 1789; d. September 4 1851.

1831 – 1834

Mahlon Dickerson

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 17 1770; d. October 5 1853.

1834 – 1838

James Kirke Paulding

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 22 1778; d. April 6 1860.

1838 – 1841

Abel Parker Upshur

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 17 1790; d. February 28 1844.

1841 – 1843

George Bancroft

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 3 1800; d. January 17 1891.

1845 – 1846


Assistant Secretary of the Navy
Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 27 1858; d. January 6 1919

1897 – 1898

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 30 1882; d. April 12 1945

1913 – 1920




United States Department of Energy

United States Secretary of Energy
James Richard “Rick” Perry

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 4 1950.

2017 – 2019




United States Department of Health and Human Services

United States Secretary of Health and Human Services
Tommy George Thompson

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 19 1941.

2001 – 2005

Kathleen Sebelius

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 15 1948.

2009 – 2014

Alex Michael Azar II

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 17 1967.

2018 – 2021


United States Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services
Alex Michael Azar II

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 17 1967.

2005 – 2007


Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

Administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
Mark McClellan

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 26 1963.

2004 – 2006


Food and Drug Administration

Commissioner of Food and Drugs
Mark McClellan

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 26 1963.

2002 – 2004




United States Department of Homeland Security

United States Secretary of Homeland Security
Thomas Joseph “Tom” Ridge

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 26 1945.

2003 – 2005

Michael Chertoff

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 28 1953.

2005 – 2009

John Francis Kelly

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 11 1950.

2017

Kirstjen Michele Nielsen

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 14 1972.

2017 – 2019




United States Department of Housing and Urban Development

United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Carla Anderson Hills

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 3 1934.

1975 – 1977

Alphonso R. Jackson

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 9 1945.

2004 – 2008


United States Deputy Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Alphonso R. Jackson

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 9 1945.

2001 – 2004




United States Department of the Interior

United States Secretary of the Interior
Stewart Lee Udall

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 31 1920; d. March 20 2010.

1961 – 1969

Kenneth Lee “Ken” Salazar

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 2 1955.

2009 – 2013




United States Department of Justice

United States Attorney General
Edmund Jennings Randolph

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 10 1753; d. September 12 1813.

1789 – 1794

William Bradford

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 14 1755; d. August 23 1795.

1794 – 1795

Charles Lee

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 1 1758; d. June 24 1815.

1795 – 1801

Levi Lincoln, Sr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 15 1749; d. April 14 1820.

1801 – 1805

Robert Smith (*acting)

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 3 1757; d. November 26 1842.

1805

John Breckinridge

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 2 1760; d. December 14 1806.

1805 – 1806

Caesar Augustus Rodney

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 4 1772; d. June 10 1824.

1807 – 1811

William Pinkney

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 17 1764; d. February 25 1822.

1811 – 1814

Richard Rush

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 29 1780; d. July 30 1859.

1814 – 1817

William Wirt

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 8 1772; d. February 18 1834.

1817 – 1829

John Macpherson Berrien

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 23 1781; d. January 1 1856.

1829 – 1831

Roger Brooke Taney

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 17 1777; d. October 12 1864.

1831 – 1833

Benjamin Franklin Butler

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 17 1795; d. November 8 1858.

1833 – 1838

Felix Grundy

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 11 1777; d. December 19 1840.

1838 – 1840

Henry Dilworth Gilpin

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 14 1801; d. January 29 1860.

1840 – 1841

John Jordan Crittenden

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 10 1787; d. July 26 1863.

1841

John Jordan Crittenden

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 10 1787; d. July 26 1863.

1850 – 1853

Caleb Cushing

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 17 1800; d. January 2 1879.

1853 – 1857

Robert Heron Bork*

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 1 1927; d. December 29 2012.

1973 – 1974

John David Ashcroft

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 9 1942.

2001 – 2005


United States Associate Attorney General
Rudolph William Louis “Rudy” Giuliani

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 28 1944.

1981 – 1983


Solicitor General of the United States
William Howard Taft

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 15 1857; d. March 8 1930

1890 – 1892

Robert Heron Bork

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 1 1927; d. December 29 2012.

1973 – 1977


Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Division
Carla Anderson Hills

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 3 1934.

1973 – 1975


Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division
Michael Chertoff

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 28 1953.

2001 – 2003


Assistant Attorney General for the Environment and Natural Resources Division
Thomas Lawrence “Tom” Sansonetti

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 18 1949.

2001 – 2005




United States Department of State

United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs
Robert Robert Livingston

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 27 1746; d. February 26 1813.

1781 – 1783

John Jay

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 23 1745; d. May 17 1829.

1784 – 1789

United States Secretary of State
John Jay (*acting)

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 23 1745; d. May 17 1829.

1789 – 1790

Thomas Jefferson

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 13 1743; d. July 4 1826.

1790 – 1793

Edmund Jennings Randolph

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 10 1753; d. September 12 1813.

1794 – 1795

Timothy Pickering

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 17 1745; d. January 29 1829.

1795 – 1800

Charles Lee (*acting)

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 1 1758; d. June 24 1815.

1800

John Marshall

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 24 1755; d. July 6 1835.

1800 – 1801

Levi Lincoln, Sr. (*acting)

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 15 1749; d. April 14 1820.

1801

James Madison

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 16 1751; d. June 28 1836.

1801 – 1809

Robert Smith

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 3 1757; d. November 26 1842.

1809 – 1811

James Monroe

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 28 1758; d. July 4 1831.

1811 – 1817

Richard Rush (*acting)

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 29 1780; d. July 30 1859.

1817

John Quincy Adams

Date of birth/date of death: b. July 11 1767; d. February 23 1848.

1817 – 1825

Henry Clay

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 12 1777; d. June 29 1852.

1825 – 1829

Martin Van Buren

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 5 1782; d. July 24 1862.

1829 – 1831

Edward Livingston

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 28 1764; d. May 23 1836.

1831 – 1833

Louis McLane

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 28 1786; d. October 7 1857.

1833 – 1834

John Forsyth, Sr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 22 1780; d. October 21 1841.

1834 – 1841

Daniel Webster

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 18 1782; d. October 24 1852.

1841 – 1843

Abel Parker Upshur

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 17 1790; d. February 28 1844.

1843 – 1844

John Caldwell Calhoun

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 18 1782; d. March 31 1850.

1844 – 1845

James Buchanan, Jr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 23 1791; d. June 1 1868.

1845 – 1849

Daniel Webster

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 18 1782; d. October 24 1852.

1850 – 1852

Edward Everett

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 11 1794; d. January 15 1865.

1852 – 1853

William Learned Marcy

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 12 1786; d. July 4 1857.

1853 – 1857

Lewis Cass

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 9 1782; d. June 17 1866.

1857 – 1860

William Henry Seward

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 16 1801; d. October 10 1872.

1861 – 1869

Thomas Francis Bayard

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 29 1828; d. September 28 1898.

1885 – 1889

Elihu Root

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 15 1845; d. February 7 1937.

1905 – 1909

John Foster Dulles

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 25 1888; d. May 24 1959.

1953 – 1959

Henry Alfred Kissinger

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 27 1923; d. November 29 2023.

1973 – 1977

Colin Luther Powell

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 5 1937; d. October 18 2021.

2001 – 2005

Condoleezza Rice

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 14 1954.

2005 – 2009

Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 26 1947.

2009 – 2013

John Forbes Kerry

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 11 1943.

2013 – 2017

Marco Antonio Rubio

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 28 1971.

2025 – present


United States Deputy Secretary of State
William Joseph Burns

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 11 1956.

2011 – 2014


United States Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources
Jacob Joseph “Jack” Lew

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 29 1955.

2009 – 2010

Thomas Richard Nides

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 25 1961.

2011 – 2013


United States Under Secretary of State
William Phillips

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 30 1878; d. February 23 1968

1922 – 1924

William Phillips

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 30 1878; d. February 23 1968

1933 – 1936

Walter Bedell “Beetle” Smith

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 5 1895; d. August 9 1961

Military ranks: Promoted to Brigadier General, 1942. Promoted to Major General, 1942. Promoted to Lieutenant General, 1944. Promoted to General, 1951.

1953 – 1954


United States Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
William Joseph Burns

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 11 1956.

2008 – 2011


United States Assistant Secretary of State
William Phillips

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 30 1878; d. February 23 1968

1917 – 1920


Executive Secretary of the United States Department of State
William Joseph Burns

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 11 1956.

1996 – 1998


Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
John Howard Francis Shattuck

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 22 1943.

1993 – 1998


Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs
Daniel Scott “Dan” Sullivan

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 13 1964.

2006 – 2009


Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs
John Christian Kornblum

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 6 1943; d. December 21 2023.

1996 – 1997


Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs
Alan Lee Keyes

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 7 1950.

1985 – 1987


Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs
William Joseph Burns

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 11 1956.

2001 – 2005


Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs
Michael A. “Mike” Hammer

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 26 1963.

2011 – 2013


Director of Policy Planning
Gregory Bestor Craig

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 4 1945.

1997 – 1998




United States Department of Transportation

United States Secretary of Transportation
John Anthony Volpe

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 8 1908; d. November 11 1994.

1969 – 1973

Andrew Hill “Andy” Card, Jr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 10 1947.

1992 – 1993

Norman Yoshio Mineta

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 12 1931; d. May 3 2022.

2001 – 2006


Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration
John Anthony Volpe (*acting)

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 8 1908; d. November 11 1994.

1956 – 1957




United States Department of the Treasury

United States Superintendent of Finance
Robert Morris, Jr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 20 1734; d. May 8 1806.

1781 – 1784

United States Secretary of the Treasury
Alexander Hamilton

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 11 1755/1757; d. July 12 1804.

1789 – 1795

Oliver Wolcott, Jr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 11 1760; d. June 1 1833.

1795 – 1800

Samuel Dexter

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 14 1761; d. May 4 1816.

1801

Abraham Alfonse Albert Gallatin

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 29 1761; d. August 12 1849.

1801 – 1814

George Washington Campbell

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 9 1769; d. February 17 1848.

1814

Alexander James Dallas

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 21 1759; d. January 16 1817.

1814 – 1816

William Harris Crawford

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 24 1772; d. September 15 1834.

1816 – 1825

Richard Rush

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 29 1780; d. July 30 1859.

1825 – 1829

Samuel Delucenna Ingham

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 16 1779; d. June 5 1860.

1829 – 1831

Louis McLane

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 28 1786; d. October 7 1857.

1831 – 1833

William John Duane

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 9 1780; d. September 27 1865.

1833

Roger Brooke Taney

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 17 1777; d. October 12 1864.

1833 – 1834

Levi Woodbury

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 22 1789; d. September 4 1851.

1834 – 1841

Henry Merritt “Hank” Paulson, Jr.

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 28 1946.

2006 – 2009

Timothy Franz Geithner

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 18 1961.

2009 – 2013

Jacob Joseph “Jack” Lew

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 29 1955.

2013 – 2017

Steven Terner Mnuchin

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 21 1962.

2017 – 2021


United States Under Secretary of the Treasury for Domestic Finance
Jerome Hayden “Jay” Powell

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 4 1953.

1992 – 1993


United States Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs
Timothy Franz Geithner

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 18 1961.

1998 – 2001

David Robert Malpass

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 8 1956.

2017 – 2019


Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Institutions
Jerome Hayden “Jay” Powell

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 4 1953.

1990 – 1992


Solicitor of the United States Treasury
Henry Dilworth Gilpin

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 14 1801; d. January 29 1860.

1837 – 1840