Global political history

Global political history from 3000 BC to the 21st century – political leaders, elections, and more.

Roman Catholic Church

The Papacy

Pope
Pius XII

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 2 1876; d. October 9 1958

1939 – 1958

John Paul II

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 18 1920; d. April 2 2005.

1978 – 2005

Benedict XVI

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 18 1920; d. April 2 2005.

2005 – 2013

Francis

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 17 1936.

2013 – present




The Holy See

Sacred College of Cardinals

Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals
Joseph Alois Ratzinger

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 16 1927; d. December 31 2022.

2002 – 2005

Angelo Raffaele Sodano

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 23 1927; d. May 27 2022.

2005 – 2019


Vice-Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals
Angelo Raffaele Sodano

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 23 1927; d. May 27 2022.

2002 – 2005


Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals
Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 2 1876; d. October 9 1958

1937 – 1939


Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith

Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
Joseph Alois Ratzinger

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 16 1927; d. December 31 2022.

1981 – 2005


Secretariat of State

Cardinal Secretary of State
Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 2 1876; d. October 9 1958

1930 – 1939

Angelo Raffaele Sodano

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 23 1927; d. May 27 2022.

1991 – 2006

Pietro Parolin

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 17 1955.

2013 – present


Secretary for Relations with States
Angelo Raffaele Sodano

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 23 1927; d. May 27 2022.

1989 – 1990


Apostolic Nuncio to Bavaria
Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 2 1876; d. October 9 1958

1917 – 1925


Apostolic Nuncio to Chile
Angelo Raffaele Sodano

Date of birth/date of death: b. November 23 1927; d. May 27 2022.

1977 – 1988


Apostolic Nuncio to Cuba
Antoine Camilleri

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 20 1965.

2024 – present


Apostolic Nuncio to Ethiopia
Antoine Camilleri

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 20 1965.

2019 – 2024


Apostolic Nuncio to Germany
Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 2 1876; d. October 9 1958

1920 – 1930


Apostolic Nuncio to Prussia
Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 2 1876; d. October 9 1958

1926 – 1929


Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela
Pietro Parolin

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 17 1955.

2009 – 2013




Archbishoprics

Archbishop of Buenos Aires
Jorge Mario Bergoglio

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 17 1936.

1998 – 2013


Archbishop of Halifax
Thomas-Louis Connolly

Date of birth/date of death: b. 1814; d. 1876.

1859 – 1876


Archbishop of Kraków
Karol Józef Wojtyła

Date of birth/date of death: b. May 18 1920; d. April 2 2005.

1964 – 1978


Archbishop of Montreal
Louis Joseph Napoléon Paul Bruchési

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 29 1855; d. September 20 1939.

1897 – 1939

Paul-Émile Léger

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 26 1904; d. November 13 1991

1950 – 1967


Archbishop of Munich and Freising
Joseph Alois Ratzinger

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 16 1927; d. December 31 2022.

1977 – 1982


Archbishop of Quebec
Marc Armand Ouellet

Date of birth/date of death: b. June 8 1944.

2002 – 2010