Global political history

Global political history from 3000 BC to the 21st century – political leaders, elections, and more.

Scotland

Heads of State of Scotland

Kingdom of Scotland

Monarch of the Kingdom of Scotland
William III

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 24 1533; d. July 10 1584.

House of Orange – Nassau

1689 – 1702

Anne

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 6 1665; d. August 1 1714.

Spouse: Prince George of Denmark and Norway, Duke of Cumberland (b. May 19 1744; d. November 17 1818)

House of Stuart

1702 – 1707




Heads of Government of Scotland

Scotland

First Minister of Scotland
Alexander Elliot Anderson “Alex” Salmond

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 31 1954; d. October 12 2024.

Scottish National Party

2007 – 2014

Humza Haroon Yousaf

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 7 1985.

Scottish National Party

2023 – 2024

John Ramsay Swinney

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 13 1964.

Scottish National Party

2024 – present


Deputy First Minister of Scotland
John Ramsay Swinney

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 13 1964.

Scottish National Party

2014 – 2023




Cabinet of Scotland

Cabinet Secretary for the Constitution, External Affairs, and Culture
Angus Struan Carolus Robertson

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 28 1969.

2021 – present


Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Constitution, and Economy
John Ramsay Swinney

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 13 1964.

2007 – 2016


Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care
Alexander “Alex” Neil

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 22 1951.

2012 – 2014

Humza Haroon Yousaf

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 7 1985.

2021 – 2023


Cabinet Secretary for Infrastructure, Investment, and Cities (Defunct; Cabinet Secretary for Infrastructure and Capital Investment, 2011 – )
Alexander “Alex” Neil

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 22 1951.

2011 – 2012


Cabinet Secretary for Justice
Humza Haroon Yousaf

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 7 1985.

2018 – 2021


Cabinet Secretary for Social Justice
Alexander “Alex” Neil

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 22 1951.

2014 – 2016




Scottish Parliament

Leadership of the Scottish Parliament

Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament
Sir Alexander Charles Onslow “Alex” Fergusson

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 8 1949; d. July 31 2018.

Non-Partisan

2007 – 2011


Members of the Scottish Parliament (Current Constituencies)

Navigation: Aberdeenshire East | Airdrie and Shotts | Central Scotland | Edinburgh Central | Falkirk East | Glasgow | Glasgow Pollok | Lothian | North East Scotland | Perthshire North | South Scotland.


Member of the Scottish Parliament for Aberdeenshire East
Alexander Elliot Anderson “Alex” Salmond

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 31 1954; d. October 12 2024.

Scottish National Party

2011 – 2016


Member of the Scottish Parliament for Airdrie and Shotts
Alexander “Alex” Neil

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 22 1951.

Scottish National Party

2011 – 2019


Member of the Scottish Parliament for Central Scotland
Alexander “Alex” Neil

Date of birth/date of death: b. August 22 1951.

Scottish National Party

1999 – 2011


Member of the Scottish Parliament for Edinburgh Central
Angus Struan Carolus Robertson

Date of birth/date of death: b. September 28 1969.

Scottish National Party

2021 – present


Member of the Scottish Parliament for Falkirk East
Michelle Rhonda Thomson

Date of birth/date of death: b. March 11 1965.

Scottish National Party

2021 – present


Member of the Scottish Parliament for Glasgow
Humza Haroon Yousaf

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 7 1985.

Scottish National Party

2011 – 2016


Member of the Scottish Parliament for Glasgow Pollok
Humza Haroon Yousaf

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 7 1985.

Scottish National Party

2016 – present


Member of the Scottish Parliament for Lothian
Margo Symington MacDonald

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 19 1943; d. April 4 2014.

Independent

2011 – 2014


Member of the Scottish Parliament for North East Scotland
Robert Ben Lobban Wallace

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 8 1949; d. July 31 2018.

Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party

1999 – 2003


Member of the Scottish Parliament for Perthshire North
John Ramsay Swinney

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 13 1964.

Scottish National Party

2011 – present


Member of the Scottish Parliament for South Scotland
Joan McAlpine

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 28 1962.

Scottish National Party

2011 – 2021


Members of the Scottish Parliament (Defunct Constituencies)

Navigation: Banff and Buchan | Galloway & Upper Nithsdale | Gordon | Lothians | North Tayside | Roxburgh and Berwickshire | Tweeddale, Ettrick, and Lauderdale.


Member of the Scottish Parliament for Banff and Buchan
Alexander Elliot Anderson “Alex” Salmond

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 31 1954; d. October 12 2024.

Scottish National Party

1999 – 2001


Member of the Scottish Parliament for Galloway & Upper Nithsdale
Sir Alexander Charles Onslow “Alex” Fergusson

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 8 1949; d. July 31 2018.

Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party

2003 – 2016


Member of the Scottish Parliament for Gordon
Alexander Elliot Anderson “Alex” Salmond

Date of birth/date of death: b. December 31 1954; d. October 12 2024.

Scottish National Party

2007 – 2011


Member of the Scottish Parliament for Lothians
Margo Symington MacDonald

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 19 1943; d. April 4 2014.

Scottish National Party (1999 – 2003); Independent (2003 – 2011)

1999 – 2011


Member of the Scottish Parliament for North Tayside
John Ramsay Swinney

Date of birth/date of death: b. April 13 1964.

Scottish National Party

1999 – 2011


Member of the Scottish Parliament for Roxburgh and Berwickshire
Euan Robson

Date of birth/date of death: b. February 17 1954.

Scottish Liberal Democrats

1999 – 2007


Member of the Scottish Parliament for Tweeddale, Ettrick, and Lauderdale
Jeremy Purvis

Date of birth/date of death: b. January 15 1974.

Scottish Liberal Democrats

2003 – 2011




Parliament of Scotland (Pre-Union)

Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland
John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll

Date of birth/date of death: b. October 10 1680; d. October 4 1743.

1705 – 1706